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【周末書薦】杜冰梅:交融與共進——《近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展研究》編后

發(fā)布時間:2025-07-14 09:06:10 | 來源:中國西藏 | 作者: | 責任編輯:

四川涉藏地區(qū)作為我國第二大藏族聚居區(qū),是歷代中央政府治藏、穩(wěn)藏、建藏、興藏的重要戰(zhàn)略基地,在歷史上一直是先民頻繁往來遷徙、多民族聚居、多元文化交融、經(jīng)濟互通的寶地,是沿線各民族交往交流交融的重要紐帶。近代以來,四川涉藏地區(qū)進入政治、經(jīng)濟、社會大轉(zhuǎn)型的時期,作為“政治特殊地帶”“經(jīng)濟樞紐地帶”“文化交匯地帶”“地理過渡地帶”“族群交融地帶”和“資源富集地帶”,中央政府加大對該地區(qū)的經(jīng)營,也帶來了前所未有的人口流動,該地區(qū)各民族之間的交往交流交融進入繁盛時期,民族匯合、經(jīng)濟交流、文化碰撞成為該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的普遍現(xiàn)象。

2024年9月,中國藏學(xué)出版社出版的《近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展研究》一書,即是對這一現(xiàn)狀的研究。該書為四川師范大學(xué)中華傳統(tǒng)文化學(xué)院“漢藏研究書系”出版的首部專著。作者何潔為四川省社會科學(xué)院民族與宗教研究所副研究員,歷史學(xué)碩士,長期從事涉藏歷史和民族問題等研究。該書是其國家社會科學(xué)基金項目結(jié)項成果,亦是其多年研究心血的結(jié)晶。

作為責任編輯,認為該書具有以下三個方面的鮮明特點。

一、選題明晰契合時代

該書以四川涉藏地區(qū)族際互動交流為切入點,在查閱大量史料的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒和吸收當前學(xué)術(shù)界最新研究成果,通過系統(tǒng)梳理近代以來四川涉藏地區(qū)各民族之間的交流與發(fā)展歷程,向讀者展現(xiàn)了該地區(qū)民族交往交流交融的歷史場景,總結(jié)了民族交流對增進國家認同、促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、推動社會進步、構(gòu)建和諧關(guān)系、加快文化交融等方面產(chǎn)生的影響。

全書36萬余字,由總序、前言及7章30節(jié)內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。第一章通過對近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流的環(huán)境、背景及動力的分析,闡明該地區(qū)各民族之間的交流具有悠久的歷史傳統(tǒng)及強烈的交流意愿。第二章描述了漢、藏、回、羌、彝、納西、蒙古等民族在近代的族際互動,闡明民族交流是他們的共同選擇,各民族之間的交流具有深厚的群眾根基。第三至第六章將民族交流與社會發(fā)展研究結(jié)合起來,探討民族交流對近代四川涉藏地區(qū)人口、血緣、城鎮(zhèn)、交通、社會生產(chǎn)方式、精神生活方式及生活習俗產(chǎn)生的廣泛影響。第七章總結(jié)了民族交流對近代四川涉藏地區(qū)各民族增強對祖國的認同、推動社會生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展、形成多元民族文化相互交融的文化格局、增進各民族之間的團結(jié)友愛等產(chǎn)生的積極作用;同時也分析了該地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展存在的客觀阻礙因素。

歷史上的羌族背夫

該書生動地呈現(xiàn)了四川涉藏地區(qū)各民族“你中有我、我中有你”的“相互嵌入式”社會結(jié)構(gòu),展示了該地區(qū)近代民族交往交流的歷史場景,為讀者提供了一個全面、深入地理解這一地區(qū)歷史與現(xiàn)實的重要視角。該地區(qū)各民族交往交流交融的歷史事實,是中華民族共同體形成與發(fā)展的生動實例,對新形勢下鑄牢中華民族共同體意識、推動各民族共同繁榮發(fā)展有重要參考意義。

二、全面拓展廣深并進

該書在借鑒與吸收前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族關(guān)系史、區(qū)域史的研究有所拓展與深化。

首先,現(xiàn)有關(guān)于近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流的研究成果多以宏觀視角,從政治、經(jīng)濟方面分析民族交流與社會發(fā)展及其蘊含的歷史因素,缺乏對社會基本構(gòu)成即民眾的社會生活方式、社會組織等方面發(fā)展的“自下而上”的研究,且其相關(guān)成果多為資料整理、粗略描述或個案研究,缺乏對四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流的系統(tǒng)研究及其帶來的社會發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)、全面研究。而本書不僅關(guān)注了該地區(qū)漢、藏、回、羌、彝、納西、蒙古等民族之間的交流與融合,還深入分析了這種交流對該地區(qū)社會、經(jīng)濟、文化等各個方面產(chǎn)生的深遠影響。第三至第六章從微觀層面探討了近代四川涉藏地區(qū)的人口流動、血緣融合、城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展、交通發(fā)展、社會生產(chǎn)方式(包括農(nóng)牧業(yè)、手工業(yè)、商業(yè)、其他行業(yè))、精神生活方式(包括宗教信仰、語言變化、社會風尚、文教藝術(shù)、節(jié)日廟會)、社會生活習俗(包括飲食習俗、傳統(tǒng)服飾、建筑習俗、婚喪習俗、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生)、社會變遷等方面的發(fā)展變化。這種全面的分析視角,使得本書在揭示歷史真相的同時,也為讀者思考現(xiàn)實問題、地區(qū)推動發(fā)展提供了有益啟示。

西康北路著名之白利橋

其次,現(xiàn)有關(guān)于近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流的研究多集中于川邊甘孜地區(qū),很少涉及阿壩藏族羌族自治州以及涼山彝族自治州的木里藏族自治縣。而本書研究區(qū)域則涵蓋了四川涉藏地區(qū)的32個市縣。作者從大量史料中搜集整理出關(guān)于阿壩州與木里縣近代民族交流與社會發(fā)展的資料,對此兩地尤其阿壩地區(qū)的民族交流、人口、交通、商業(yè)貿(mào)易、建筑文化等進行了全面研究,如第二、第三章,對近代四川涉藏地區(qū)回族和羌族在阿壩地區(qū)的松潘、阿壩、懋功、茂縣、汶川、馬爾康、若爾蓋、南坪(今九寨溝)、理縣、黑水等地的分布及人口情況等進行了研究分析;第五、第六章中則有關(guān)于木里地區(qū)的宗教信仰、教育情況及節(jié)日習俗、飲食習俗等的全面介紹。彌補了以往研究中的不足。

再次,在研究方法上,該書采用了跨學(xué)科的研究方法,綜合運用歷史學(xué)、民族學(xué)、社會學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究理論和方法,從歷史與現(xiàn)實、歷史與文化、歷史與社會等角度,站在中華民族演進歷程的高度,力圖厘清近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族、社會結(jié)構(gòu)、社會組織、社會信仰、社會觀念等方面的發(fā)展狀況和運行機理,剖析民族互動過程中特殊社會群體如通事、墾夫、技術(shù)人員等,以及特殊商業(yè)組織如鍋莊、歇家等在推動近代四川涉藏地區(qū)社會發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮的積極作用,勾畫出多維、立體的近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展輪廓。如書中對語言中介“通事”與近代康定城特有的商業(yè)組織“鍋莊”進行的專題研究,從中可以看到二者在促進民族間經(jīng)濟、文化溝通與交流等方面方面發(fā)揮的積極作用、存在的弊端及其發(fā)展興衰過程。這種跨學(xué)科的研究方法不僅拓寬了研究的視野和深度,也為讀者提供了更加科學(xué)、全面地認識歷史與現(xiàn)實問題的途徑。

三、史料豐富可讀性強

作者在寫作過程中,盡可能窮盡地搜集近代以來有關(guān)四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展的各類史料420多種,其中既有近代以來的傳教士、探險家、科學(xué)家、文人游客等,關(guān)于四川涉藏地區(qū)自然地理、社會狀況、風俗文化等方面的日記、游記、詩集、調(diào)查報告;也有著名學(xué)者如任乃強、李安宅、馬長壽等對該地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展進行研究出版的各類著作及調(diào)查報告;同時還有民國期間眾多考察團以及政府要員等在期刊報紙上發(fā)表的關(guān)于該地區(qū)社會各方面的文章、社會調(diào)查報告及游記。此外,還有新中國成立后特別是進入21世紀以來出版的大量檔案史料、史籍史志、文史資料等,包含有近代四川涉藏地區(qū)社會的民族分布、民族關(guān)系、社會發(fā)展的大量翔實資料。作者充分利用上述豐富史料,從中耙梳出近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交流與社會發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),提煉出該地區(qū)民族交往交流交融的線索與資料,描繪出一幅多民族交往交流交融、經(jīng)濟往來、互相學(xué)習、團結(jié)友愛的生動畫卷。不僅讓讀者對該地區(qū)的歷史有了更加直觀、生動的認識,也為我們理解中華民族多元一體格局的形成和發(fā)展提供了重要參考。

汶川九子屯漢羌融合的屯守備衙門

不同于一般的學(xué)術(shù)著作,本書沒有深奧難懂的理論,而是以流暢的文筆,穿插引用民族交流過程中發(fā)生的許多有趣的故事,同時還引用了大量帶有濃厚地方色彩的諺語與方言詞匯,以及穿插其中的40余幅民國時期的珍貴圖片,都增強了該書的可讀性。

盡管該書個別章節(jié)因資料搜集有限而略顯單薄,有待進一步深入研究;同時,由于藏文與漢文檔案文獻中關(guān)于近代四川涉藏地區(qū)民族交往與社會發(fā)展的記載稀缺而導(dǎo)致引用不夠充分。然瑕不掩瑜,這并不影響其整體學(xué)術(shù)價值。總之,該書是一部書學(xué)術(shù)性較高、可讀性較強的綜合性著作。對于研究中國民族關(guān)系史尤其是涉藏地區(qū)的多民族交流具有重要參考價值。不僅適合學(xué)術(shù)研究人員參考,也適合對民族學(xué)和地區(qū)史感興趣的普通讀者閱讀。

(來源:《中國西藏》2025年第3期,作者杜冰梅系中國藏學(xué)出版社副編審)

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